Digest: Do you wanna PCB?
Posted on by 50m3 b01k3
The scHnRk and Neander was born in the first half of this year.
Designed and Assembled in Singapore, these boards represent leaps of faith into the unknown world of electronics fabrication.
Here are some tips to help you start your first electronics design.
Prerequisites
You should find yourself a working electronics lab with a functioning set of tools
- multimeter
- power supply
- soldering iron
- oscilloscope
You can access these tools at Ida Labs @ NLB/NDC, HackerspaceSG, Ground Up Intiative, One Maker Group and NUS Hackerspace.
Try to find some money as electronics don’t really come cheap :D
Estimated duration for subprocesses are given.
Design
The best designs often start with a meaningful problem, and the passion to follow it through to its solution.
You may refer to my previous presentation and video on the scHnRk’s design process.
Time: [Couple of weeks - Months]
- scHnRk : 2 months
- Neander : 2 months
Breadboarding
Unless you’re designing something peculiar, remember to breadboard your designs while laying the schematics out on the CAD software! This way you
- have an idea of what connections need to be made
- can iron out potential issues with individual components (incompatiblity, interferences, power requirements)
Software
In terms of which CAD software to use, I’d recommend KiCad because it’s
- open source
- “limitless”
Visualization
Most PCB vendors ship your designs immediately to the board house. This means that you cannot edit your boards after submission. One of the most common issues with PCB design is alignment errors.
You may want to check your PCBs for these issues with an online tool such as webGerber.
Sourcing Materials
The best way to get your hands on some scrummy electronics is Element14 and Taobao. Google Translate is your best friend! Aliexpress too!
A Bill Of Materials helps to keep track of your project materials and costs. Here’s a sample.
Microcontroller programming
Some microcontrollers have propietary interfaces that allows you to program the microcontrollers “in circuit”. These interfaces are usually called [iscp]s or [jtag] you may want to check out how they work.
Some chips have its own USB transceiver so you can program it directly from computer.
You may consider investing in a set of test pins/clips.
Prototyping
This process really depends on the scope of your product and reach.
Time: [Month(s)]
- scHnRk : 1 month
- Neander : 2 months
How many prototyping phases?
Excluding breadboarding, you should have at least 2 prototyping phases. This way you can rectify any wrinkles in your design.
PCB vendors
Most PCB vendors usually take on the order of a week to a month to fulfill your order. I’d recommend getting the rush option.
You can test a variety of PCB vendors to see which one gives you the best bang for bucks. I’d recommend OSHPark, dirtyPCBs and seeedstudio.
Making your first board
Electronics don’t assemble themselves. Allocate about 1-2 minutes per component for assembly. Seasoned soldering people can take as little as 10 seconds to populate one component.
To PCB with Chemistry
Understand the chemistry behind soldering. It will guide you to
- better maintainence of the soldering iron
- easier soldering experience
Production/Assembly
You can get away with soldering low component count boards (up to 5 boards). For added ease, you may consider PCB.NG.
For assemblies of more than 5 boards, I’d recommend getting PCB Assembly services like seeedstudio’s for peace of mind! Test your designs first as they may be hard to interpret at the assembler’s side -> you may get parts in the wrong orientation or placement!
The typical process goes like this
- Solder Paste Application
- Pick and Place
- Reflow Soldering
- Programming
- Soldering (Thru Hole Components)
- Reprogramming
- Packaging
Time: [Couple of weeks - Month]
- scHnRk : 2 weeks
- Neander : 3 weeks
Other resources
There are many writeups of people in similar positions. Particularly from Darell, Sudharshan, Bunnie and vonger.
Conorpp has a great article on producing a USB authentication token for the masses.
Andrew Yong had great experiences building an energy monitor using seedstudio’s PCBA. Enclosures can be found here.